Chapter+7+CONSUMERS,+PRODUCERS,+AND+THE+EFFICIENCY+OF+MARKET+JLE

=Consumer Surplus= http://www.ecosystemvaluation.org/demand_curve1.gif How do you calculate Consumer Surplus? Consumer Surplus = Value to buyers - Amount paid by buyers The area below the demand curve and above the price measures the consumer surplus in a market. Because buyers always want to pay less for the goods they buy, a lower price makes buyers of a good better off.
 * Willingness to Pay**: the value of a good to a person
 * Consumer Surplus**: the benefit that a buyer gets calculated by the willingness to pay for a good mius the amount the buyer actually pays for it.

At any quantity, the price given by the demand curve shows the willingness to pay of the //marginal buyer//, the buyer who would leave the market first if the price were any higher.

[|http://www.chass.utoronto.ca/~reak/eco100/surplus1.gif] The Consumer Surplus at Price P is the area A. When the price falls from P to P' and the quantity rises from q to q', consumer surplus increases. Area A is the initial consumer surplus, B is the additional consumer surplus to initial consumers, and C is the Consumer Surplus to new consumers. media type="youtube" key="qTxniCLYgok" height="344" width="425" http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qTxniCLYgok

=**__Market Efficiency __**= *economists use consumer surplus and producer surplus to study the welfare of buyers and sellers in the market. -This can help us answer a fundamental question __→ IS THE ALLOCATION OF RESOURCES DETERMINED BY FREE-MARKETS DESIRABLE? __

**__*QUICK REMINDER*__**
Consumer surplus: benefit that buyers receive from participating in a market  → Consumer surplus= Value to buyers – Amount paid by buyers Producer surplus: the benefit that sellers receive.  → Producer surplus= Amount received by sellers – Cost to sellers Therefore,  →Total surplus= Consumer surplus+ Producer Surplus →Total surplus= Value to buyers – Amount paid by buyers+ Amount received by sellers – Cost to sellers -Amount paid by buyers = Amount received by sellers

__So, Total surplus= Value to buyers – Cost to sellers__
__Red: Consumer Surplus__ __Blue: Producer Surplus__

Red AND Blue: Total Surplus
Efficiency: The property of a resource allocation of maximizing the total surplus received by all members of society. __**→If an allocation of resources maximizes total surplus, we say that the allocation exhibits efficiency. →If an allocation is NOT efficient, gains from trade among buyers and sellers are not being realized. **__

Equity: Fairness of the distribution of well-being among the members of society.
 * Evaluating Equity is harder than evaluating Efficiency.

__**EVALUATING THE MARKET EQUILIBRIUM**__ 1. Free markets allocate the supply of goods to the buyers __WHO VALUE THEM MOST HIGHLY__, as measured by their __WILLINGNESS TO PAY. __ 2. Free markets allocate the demand for good s to the sellers __WHO CAN PRODUCE THEM AT LEAST COST.__ 3. Free market produce the quantity of goods that __MAXIMIZES __ the sum of consumer and producer surplus.

=<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">__Refer to the graph in your text book page 150.__ =

<span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','Lucida Grande',sans-serif;"><span style="color: rgb(240, 0, 0);">Q1 : Value>Cost (Good) Q1--> Q* : Surplus maximizes : Consumption and production is greater

<span style="color: rgb(15, 0, 224);">Q2 : Value<Cost (Bad) Q2-->Q* : Surplus maximizes : Consumption and production is less media type="youtube" key="seKH552xd5c" height="344" width="425" http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=seKH552xd5c media type="youtube" key="7RnIXc1ub1k" height="344" width="425" http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7RnIXc1ub1k&feature=related

<span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','Lucida Grande',sans-serif;">QUESTION: 1. Why do economists think that free market is the best way to organize economic activity? (page 150-152) 2. Give me the equation for Consumer Surplus, Producer Surplus, and Total Surplus. 3. Who does the market allocate the supply of goods to? 4. Who does the market allocate the demand for goods to? 5. Where is consumer surplus, producer surplus and total surplus maximized?

Chapter 7 Answer KELJ

=Summary= Consumer surplus equals buyer's willingness to pay for a good minus the amount they actually pay for ti, and it emasures the benfit buyers get from participating in a market. Producer surplus equals the amount sellers receive for their goods minus their costs of production and it emasures the benefit sellers get from participating in a market. An allocation of resources that maximizes the sum of consumer and producer surplus is said to be efficient. The equilibirum of supply and demand maximizes the sume of consumer and producer surplus. <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','Lucida Grande',sans-serif;"> <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','Lucida Grande',sans-serif;">